With Europe debating re-opening economic ties to Russia, have U.S. sanctions on Moscow lost their teeth? asks the leading U.S. magazine Foreign Policy.

“Sanctions have been a success? No. It’s a true failure,” Italian lawmaker Deborah Bergamini, who is also a delegate to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, told a Rome forum in February that pondered the West’s relations with Russia. She said Italy has lost at least 1.25 billion euros in exports since U.S. and European Union sanctions were imposed in 2014.

 There are three main critiques of economic sanctions:

1. they cannot change behavior;
2. they have been too generously credited with success;
3. and they have substantial collateral costs,

Experts at the Center for a New  American Security and NYU School of Law’s Center on Law and Security assessed.

Also Foreign Affairs magazine speaks about: “The Failure of Western Restrictions Against Russia“.